Resumen
- Colombia has three indigenous swine breeds (San Pedreño, Zungo and Casco de Mula), which are in the country approximately 500 years ago and are at risk of disappearing due to their reduced populations and the preferential use of improved foreign breeds in the production systems. In order to preserve the indigenous breeds, germplasm banks were created, whose populations have been maintained as closed nucleus. The objective of this study was to perform a pedigree analysis to characterize the genetic structure of the San Pedreño pig population of the germplasm bank. Genealogical information collected between 2008-2017 was analyzed to estimate the generational interval, pedigree completeness level, consanguinity and its evolution over time. The animals born between the years 2015 and 2017 were selected as the reference population to estimate the effective population size and parameters derived from the probability of gene origin. The average generational interval for the period studied was 2.13 years and the general consanguinity was 4.66%. For the reference population, the consanguinity was 6.73% and the effective population size was 25.31, while the effective number of founders and ancestors was 13 and 7 individuals, respectively, which has led to bottlenecks in the population. The results indicate that in order to maintain genetic variability and reduce inbreeding levels it is necessary to include unrelated individuals from other populations.