Comprehending mechanisms controlling corpus luteum (CL) angiogenesis and apoptosis in pregnant
sows is essential to understand the physiological role of these processes in CL function, progesterone
production and consequently in conceptus development and prenatal mortality. CL from 54 sows from
two genetic groups, a commercial line (COM) and the local Piau breed (LPB),, were obtained for gene
expression (n ¼ 3 COM; n ¼ 6 LPB), histological and protein analysis (n ¼ 3 COM; n ¼ 3 LPB), divided in
six gestational ages (seven, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days). We observed differences between gestational ages
in CL morphology, in which the average number of blood vessels/capillaries at 90-days was greater than
at the seventh day by Tukey test. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that apoptotic genes (BAX, BCL2 and CASP3)
were differentially expressed between genetic groups and gestational ages in each group. Angiogenesis
genes also presented differences between genetic groups (ANGPT1) and gestational ages (MMP9, VEGFA
and ANGPT1). No differences in protein abundance of steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and HSD3B1)
were observed. Our findings indicate that despite the differences in gene expression, differences in
corpus luteum vascularization were observed only across gestational ages, with no dissimilarities between genetic groups.
