Abstract

This chapter examines the structural challenges and opportunities for transforming agrifood systems in Africa, drawing on lessons from Latin America's experiences in technological innovation, institutional development, and policy strategies. Africa faces persistent issues such as low productivity, vulnerability to climate shocks, fragmented markets, and weak integration into global value chains. However, its youthful and rapidly growing population presents a significant opportunity for transformation.

Latin America's agricultural transformation has been driven by coordinated public and private efforts, technological innovation, institutional strengthening, and supportive policy frameworks. Key examples include the development of national research institutions (like EMBRAPA in Brazil and INTA in Argentina), the role of regional organizations (such as IICA), and the importance of public-private partnerships and producer organizations. Organizational innovations, such as cooperatives and contract farming, have improved access to technical assistance, financing, and markets, while policy reforms have facilitated investment and trade integration.

The chapter highlights that Africa should not simply replicate Latin American models but adapt their core principles to local contexts. Critical lessons include the need for enabling environments (secure land tenure, access to credit, infrastructure), inclusive institutions (such as cooperatives), and strategic public action. South–South cooperation, particularly between Africa and Latin America, is emphasized as a mechanism for knowledge transfer, joint innovation, and capacity building. The chapter concludes that successful agrifood transformation requires more than technology—it demands strong institutions, inclusive financing, and enduring political commitment, all tailored to Africa's unique demographic, ecological, and economic conditions.