Societal responses to climate change are influenced by culture, but this has not been the focus of understanding and adapting to this phenomenon. This process is critical when examining agriculture, an eminently social activity that has an historic perspective and characteristic manners of production expressed by the culture carrying it out. Therefore, the present study analyzes and compares the theoretical–conceptual approaches used in the role of culture in agricultural adaptation to climate change, given the paradigmatic bias in each. This information is essential for the design and implementation of agricultural adaptation strategies having social and cultural viability.