Agrifood systems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are characterized by significant inequalities in production, trade, and access to food, which continue to undermine food security and hinder the development of sustainable and resilient food systems. The region’s future will depend on its ability to balance agricultural growth with environmental sustainability, natural resource conservation, and climate resilience.

Addressing these challenges requires targeted policies that reduce socioeconomic and territorial disparities through investments in rural infrastructure, improved access to technology, and enhanced regional cooperation. While the region’s specialization in agricultural exports offers important economic opportunities, it also raises concerns about sustainability, equity, and long-term resilience.

The chapter emphasizes the need for stronger food system governance and inclusive development strategies to ensure that the benefits of agricultural growth are more broadly shared. It also highlights the value of foresight research for understanding the implications of structural transformation, climate change, and other emerging drivers that will shape the future of agrifood systems across LAC.